APPENDICES. Appendix 1: Monument Inscriptions in Surabaya

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Monument Inscriptions in Surabaya Inscription 1 Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST TT Gedung Balai Pemuda dibangun sekitar Balai Pemuda building was built around abad ke-19 (1907-an), balai pemuda saat itu the 19th century (1907s), it was named “De bernama “De Simpangsche Societeit” Simpangsche Societeit” which was digunakan sebagai tempat rekreasi yaitu functioned as a place of recreation used for tempat yang sedianya digunakan untuk partying, dancing, and bowling arena berpesta, arena dansa, atau sasana bermain intended for the Dutch people. When the bowling yang diperuntukkan bagi para noni Dutch nation was still in power, natives dan meneer belanda. Pada saat bangsa were prohibited from setting foot in this belanda masih berkuasa, rakyat pribumi place. Even if there were natives who were dilarang menginjakkan kaki ditempat ini. there, most of them were state officials Kalaupun ada rakyat pribumi yang disana, who had influence and position, the rest sebagaian besar dari mereka adalah were only (1a) as servants. In the battle of petinggi negara yang memiliki pengaruh 10 November 1945, Balai Pemuda was dan jabatan, selebihnya hanya sebagai used as the headquarters of the (1b) PRI pelayan. Balai Pemuda pada masa (Youth of the Republic of Indonesia) (1c pertempuran 10 Nopember 1945 dijadikan no comma) Center for Youth Organization. sebagai markas besar PRI (Pemuda In front of the PRI headquarters, dozens of Republik Indonesia) pusat organisasi unnamed Japanese soldiers could be pemuda. Di depan markas pusat PRI ini derived from the bus they were riding and berpuluh prajurit jepang yang tidak then confiscated. bersenjata dapat diturunkan dari bus yang mereka tumpangi dan kemudian disita. Inscription 2 Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST TT DI JAMAN BELANDA GEDUNG INI (2a) THIS WAS AN EXCLUSIVE DIPAKAI KLAB ORANG KULIT DUTCH CLUB, FORBIDDEN FOR AND DOGS. FROM PUTIH. ORANG PRIBUMI DAN NATIVES ANJING DILARANG MASUK. DARI SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER 1945 (2b. no BULAN SEPTEMBER—NOVEMBER comma) THE PRI (PEMUDA 1945 DI JADIKAN MARKAS BESAR PRI REPUBLIK INDONESIA) USED IT AS (PEMUDA REPUBLIK INDONESIA), THEIR MAIN HEADQUARTER IN THE PUSAT PERLAWANAN PEMUDA FIGHTING AGAINST (2c) THE INDONESIA TERHADAP PASUKAN POWERFUL COMBINED ALLIED INGGRIS/SEKUTU YANG FORCES WHICH STARTLED THE MENCENGANGKAN DUNIA. WORLD BY ITS DURATION AND TENACITY (2d). Inscription 3 Governor’s Office Monument Inscriptions ST TT DI GEDUNG INI PRESIDEN IN THIS BUILDING PRESIDENT SOEKARNO BERUNDING DENGAN SOEKARNO AND GENERAL JENDRAL HAWTHORN UNTUK HAWTHORN OF THE ALLIED FORCES MENDAMAIKAN PERTEMPURAN MET TO STOP THE CLASH OF

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TRANSLATION ERRORS ON MONUMENT INSCRIPTIONS Case Study on Bilingual Inscriptions in Surabaya

AMELIA PURWANDINI


OKTOBER 1945. (3b) DAN GUBERNUR SOERJO TANGGAL 9 NOVEMBER 1945 JAM 23. 00 MEMUTUSKAN MENOLAK ULTIMATUM JENDRAL MANSERGH SEHINGGA TERJADILAH PERTEMPURAN 10 NOVEMBER 1945

OCTOBER 1945 (3a no period) THE DECISION OF GOVERNOR SOERJO TO REJECT GENERAL MANSERGH’S ULTIMATUM WAS ALSO MADE HERE (3b no specific date and time), ENSUING INTO THE BATTLE OF NOVEMBER 10, 1945 (3c).

Inscription 4 Bumi Surabaya Hotel Monument Inscriptions ST TT TEMPAT INI DULU MARKAS BADAN THE HEADQUARTER OF MR. KESELAMATAN RAKYAT KOTA SUNGKONO, THE LEADER OF THE (4a SURABAYA DI BAWAH PIMPINAN no abbreviation) BKR SURABAYA WAS SUNGKONO. MARKAS TERUS FIRSTLY LOCATED HERE THEN BERPINDAH KE JIMERTO 25, MOVED TO JIMERTO STREET 25, TO KALIASIN 80, KEMUDIAN DI KALIASIN 80, AND (4b error in PREGOLAN 2-4 KENA BOM DARI selecting preposition) IN PREGOLAN 2UDARA , LALU PINDAH KE 4 (4c no period) IT WAS BOMBED BY CARPENTIERSTRAAT 70 (JALAN THE ALLIED AIR FORCE. IT WAS SUROPATI) AKHIRNYA KELUAR MOVED AGAIN TO KOTA MENJADI MARKAS CARPENTIERSTREET 70 (4d no PERTAHANAN SURABAYA. comma) BEFORE LEAVING SURABAYA AND BECAME THE HEADQUARTER OF SURABAYA DEFENCE (4e) . Inscription 5 Wira Surya Agung Monument Inscriptions ST TT PADA TANGGAL 28-30 OKTOBER 1945 IN THIS AREA (5a no comma) THE DI SEKITAR INI TERJADI INDONESIAN PEOPLE BATTLED PERTEMPURAN ANTARA RAKYAT GENERAL MALLABY’S FORCES ON INDONESIA MELAWAN PASUKAN OCTOBER 28-30, 1945. (5b) HERE SEKUTU DI BAWAH PIMPINAN ALSO BEING FAR BETTER IN MALLABY. KEMUDIAN PADA ARMAMENT, TACTICS AND PERTEMPURAN 10 NOVEMBER 1945 ORGANISATION (5c) , GENERAL TATKALA BERUSAHA MENAHAN MANSERGH’S TROOPS INFLICTED PASUKAN JENDRAL MANSERGH NUMEROUS CASUALTIES AMONG BANYAK KORBAN PEJUANG YANG THE INDONESIAN FIGHTERS IN THE JATUH DISEBABKAN TEMBAKAN SECOND BATTLE STARTED ON GURKHA DARI ATAS POHON. NOVEMBER 10 (5d), 1945 (5e). Inscription 6 Darmo Hospital Monument Inscriptions ST TT GEDUNG INI OLEH JEPANG DIPAKAI THE JAPANESE USED THIS HOSPITAL SEBAGAI KAMP INTERNIRAN ANAK- AS THE CENTRE OF THE WOMEN ANAK DAN WANITA . PASUKAN AND CHILDREN INTERNEES. SEKUTU DATANG, DIAMBILALIH LIEUTNANT COLONEL RENDALL OLEH LETNAN KOLONEL RENDALL. AND HIS TROOPS (6a) TOKE IT SEBUAH TRUK PEMUDA SULAWESI OVER (6b) . THEY FIRED AT A LEWAT PADA TANGGAL 27 OKTOBER PASSING TRUCK WITH (6c) YOUTH

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


1945 DITEMBAKI OLEH MEREKA DAN IN IT ON OCTOBER 27, 1945. AND ITULAH PERMULAAN PERTEMPURAN THAT STARTED (6d) THE FIRST TIGA HARI 28 – 30 OKTOBER 1945. CLASH OF OCTOBER 28–30, 1945. Inscription 7 SMP Negeri 3 Monument Inscriptions ST TT SMP Negeri 3 & 4 Praban (dahulu MULO) (7a) Government Junior High School 3 terletak di Kampung Praban. Jalan Praban and 4 Praban (formerly MULO) is located Kotamadya Surabaya. Kata Praban berasal in Praban (7b) Village, Praban Street, dari kata Prabayasa yang berarti rumah Surabaya (7c) Municipality. The word yang berpraba / bersinar. Rumah jenis ini comes from the word Prabayasa which pada jaman Indonesia klasik merupakan means a shinning house. The type of this tempat kediaman raja. Berdasar sejarah house in the classic Indonesia era is a bahwa pada abad XVII Surabaya residence of the king. Based on the history, merupakan kerajaan yang menjadi lawan in the seventeenth century, Surabaya was tangguh dari kerajaan Mataram. Pada the kingdom which became powerful Pertempuran 10 Nopember 1945, SMPN 3 enemy of the kingdom of Mataram. In the & 4 dijadikan Markas Tentara Keamanan Battle of 10 November 1945, (7d) Rakyat (TKR) Pelajar, Markas Badan Government Junior High School 3 and 4 Keamanan Rakyat (BKR) Pelajar Rayon (7e) was used as the Headquarters of (7f) Praban, Tentara Pelajar Staf III dan tempat People’ s Security Army (TKR) Student, Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) Headquarters of (7g) People’s Security Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Wilayah Agency (BKR) Praban Area Student, Timur. Dulunya pada masa pendudukan Students’ Army Staff III, and the place of Jepang, gedung ini merupakan Markas Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) Gaakkokutootai Dai Sun Chuttai yang pada Junior High School in the Eastern Region. akhirnya menjadi cikal bakal Tentara Prior to that, during the Japanese Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) Pelajar. occupation, this building was the Headquarters of Gaakkokutootai Dai Sun Chuttai which eventually became the forerunner of (7h) People’s Security Army (TKR) Student. Inscription 8 Pertahanan Kota Monument Inscriptions ST TT SERANGAN SEKUTU 10 NOVEMBER THE ALLIED ATTACK ON 1945 MENGGERAKKAN KEKUATAN NOVEMBER 10 (8a), 1945 WAS A MILITERNYA SECARA TOTAL TANK COMBINED ACTION IN FULL SEKUTU YANG DATANG DARI UTARA BATTLE ORDER. THE INDONESIAN DITAHAN OLEH PEJUANG INDONESIA FIGHTERS COUNTERED THE TANKS DI SEKITAR DAN DARI ATAS GEDUNG WITH MACHINE – GUN FROM THE YANG BERNAMA WHITEAWAY STREET CORNERS AND FROM THE LAIDLAW INI PERTEMPURAN UPPER STORIES OF THIS BUILDING, BERLANGSUNG SERU . AKHIRNYA THE FORMER WHITEAWAY, (8b) GEDUNG TERBAKAR HABIS WHICH WAS TOTALLY BURNED DIBUMIHANGUSKAN OLEH PEMUDA DOWN IN THE ACTION (8c) . INDONESIA.

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


Inscription 9 RRI Radio Station Monument Inscriptions ST TT KARENA FUNGSINYA YANG (9a no important explanation) PENTING MAKA GEDUNG RADIO GENERAL MALLABY’S FORCES SURABAYA INI DIDUDUKI OLEH OCCUPIED THE SOURABAYA RADIO PASUKAN JENDRAL MALLABY. PADA STATION WHICH WAS LOCATED PERTEMPURAN 28-30 OKTOBER 1945 HERE. IN THE CLASH OF OCTOBER BANYAK KORBAN RAKYAT JATUH . 28-30, 1945 (9b), AFTER BEING TANGGAL 29 OKTOBER 1945 SURROUNDED (9c), THE BUILDING GEDUNG DIBAKAR HABIS DAN WAS TOTALLY BURNED DOWN WITH TIDAK SEORANGPUN PASUKAN UNTOLD CASUALTIES AMONG THE INGGRIS DI SINI LOLOS DARI INDONESIAN PEOPLE AND NONE OF KEMARAHAN RAKYAT. MALLABY’S FORCES WAS KEPT ALIVE (9d) . Inscription 10 Plaza Surabaya Monument Inscriptions ST TT KAWASAN DELTA PLAZA INI (10a) THIS COMPOUND WAS DULUNYA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM FORMERLY THE (10b) MUNICIPAL ( C.B.Z ). KORBAN PERTEMPURAN 10 HOSPITAL OF SOURABAYA (10c) . THE NOVEMBER 1945 MEMENUHI VICTIMS OF THE BATTLE OF SELURUH POJOK GEDUNG DAN NOVEMBER 10, 1945, FILLED EVERY MELUBER SAMPAI DI HALAMAN SPOT IN THE BUILDINGS (10d no RUMAH SAKIT . PARA DOKTER DAN conjunction) (10e) OVERFLOWING PERAWAT BEKERJA KERAS TERUS INTO THE HOSPITAL GROUNDS (10f) . MENERUS. NAMUN BANYAK THE MEDICS AND PARAMEDICS KORBAN TAK TERTOLONG JIWANYA. WORKED AND STRAINED MEREKA YANG BISA THEMSELVES FOR DAYS AND DISELAMATKAN DIANGKUT KE NIGHTS, BUT MANY WERE BEYOND LUAR KOTA . KARENA MELUASNYA HELP. EVACUATIONS TO RELIEF THE PERTEMPURAN MAKA TANGGAL 14 SITUATION WERE CONDUCTED ALL NOVEMBER 1945 DILAKUKAN THE TIME AND WITH EVERY MEANS. PENGUNGSIAN TERAKHIR DENGAN DUE TO THE THREAT OF BATTLE KERETAAPI DARI SETASIUN WHICH GOT CLOSER, THE LAST GUBENG MENUJU MALANG. TRAIN WITH THE WOUNDED LEFT GUBENG STATION ON NOVEMBER 14, 1945 FOR MALANG (10g) . Inscription 11 GNI Monument Inscriptions ST SEMENJAK BERDIRINYA PADA ZAMAN BELANDA GEDUNG INI MENJADI PUSAT PERGERAKAN NASIONAL. PADA 25-27 AGUSTUS 1945 KOMITE NASIONAL INDONESIA DAN BKR DIBENTUK DI GEDUNG INI. JUGA DIGUNAKAN MEMPERSIAPKAN RAPAT SAMODRA BERSEJARAH MENENTANG LARANGAN KENPEITAI DI TAMBAKSARI 21 SEPTEMBER 1945.

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TT (11a) A CENTRE OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENTS SINCE THE DUTCH COLONIAL TIME. THE FORMATION OF THE KNI AND THE BKR DURING AUGUST 25-27, 1945 HAPPENED HERE (11b no full stop) THE PREPARATION FOR THE GRANDIOSE MASS MEETING IN THE TAMBAKSARI STADIUM DEFYING THE JAPANESE AUTHORITY (11c


AMELIA PURWANDINI


error preposition) IN SEPTEMBER 21, 1945(11d), WAS ALSO MADE HERE. Inscription 12 Mandiri Bank (Lindeteves Building) Monument Inscriptions ST TT GEDUNG INI DULU MILIK A DUTCH ENTERPRISE (12a) , THE PERUSAHAAN DAGANG BELANDA LINDETEVES, OWNED THIS LINDETEVES . KEMUDIAN DIPAKAI COMPOUND. (12b no sequence adverb) OLEH KITAHAMA BUTAI JEPANG THE JAPANESE ARMY, THE SEBAGAI BENGKEL UNTUK SENJATA KITAHAMA BUTAI, USED IT AS A BERAT DAN KENDARAAN PERANG. WORKSHOP (12c) TO REPAIR PADA 1 OKTOBER 1945 BENGKEL INI CANNONS AND ARMORED CARS DIREBUT OLEH PEMUDA INDONESIA (12d) . ON OCTOBER 1 (12e), 1945 (12f), DENGAN PEROLEHAN BANYAK THE INDONESIANS TOOK IT OVER MERIAM RINGAN , KENDARAAN (12g) . (12h) THEREBY ACQUIRING PANSER SERTA TANK . CANNONS AND PANZERS. Inscription 13 PT. Pelni Monument Inscriptions ST TT SELAMA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG THE JAPANESE USED THIS AS THEIR GEDUNG INI DIJADIKAN KANTOR NEWS AGENCY (13a), DOMEI (13b). BERITA DOMEI. PADA HARI JUMAT ON FRIDAY AUGUST 17 (13c) , 1945 AT TANGGAL 17 AGUSTUS 1945 JAM 11.15 THE NEWS ABOUT THE 11.15 BERITA PROKLAMASI INDONESIAN PROCLAMATION OF KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA INDEPENDENCE WAS RECEIVED BY DITERIMA OLEH MARKONIS (13d) THE MARCONIST YACOB. YACOB . MESKIPUN DISENSOR OLEH THOUGH THE JAPANESE TRIED TO JEPANG BERITA ITU DENGAN CEPAT (13e) SENSOR IT (13f no comma) THE MENYEBAR KE SELURUH JAWA NEWS BROKE (13g) QUIKLY INTO TIMUR THE WHOLE OF EAST JAVA.

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


Appendix 2: Types of Error Example 1 Experiential Translation Error (Major Error) (1b) Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST …Balai Pemuda pada masa pertempuran 10 Nopember 1945 dijadikan sebagai markas besar PRI (Pemuda Republik Indonesia) pusat organisasi pemuda…

TT …In the battle of 10 November 1945, Balai Pemuda was used as the headquarters of the (1b) PRI (Youth of the Republic of Indonesia) Center for Youth Organization… (3b) Governor’s Office Monument Inscriptions ST TT …UNTUK MENDAMAIKAN …THE DECISION OF GOVERNOR PERTEMPURAN OKTOBER 1945. (3b) SOERJO TO REJECT GENERAL DAN GUBERNUR SOERJO TANGGAL MANSERGH’S ULTIMATUM WAS 9 NOVEMBER 1945 JAM 23. 00… ALSO MADE HERE (3b no specific date and time)… (4a) Bumi Surabaya Hotel Monument Inscriptions ST TT TEMPAT INI DULU MARKAS BADAN THE HEADQUARTER OF MR. KESELAMATAN RAKYAT KOTA SUNGKONO, THE LEADER OF THE (4a SURABAYA… no abbreviation) BKR SURABAYA… (6a & d) Darmo Hospital Monument Inscriptions ST TT …PASUKAN SEKUTU DATANG, …LIEUTNANT COLONEL RENDALL DIAMBILALIH OLEH LETNAN AND HIS TROOPS (6a) TOKE IT KOLONEL RENDALL… OVER… …DAN ITULAH PERMULAAN …AND THAT STARTED (6d) THE PERTEMPURAN TIGA HARI 28 – 30 FIRST CLASH OF OCTOBER 28–30, OKTOBER 1945. 1945. (7a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) SMP Negeri 3 Monument Inscriptions ST TT SMP Negeri 3 & 4 Praban (dahulu MULO) (7a) Government Junior High School 3 terletak di Kampung Praban. Jalan Praban and 4 Praban (formerly MULO) is located Kotamadya Surabaya. Kata Praban berasal in Praban (7b) Village, Praban Street, dari kata Prabayasa yang berarti rumah Surabaya (7c) Municipality. The word yang berpraba / bersinar. Rumah jenis ini comes from the word Prabayasa which pada jaman Indonesia klasik merupakan means a shinning house. The type of this tempat kediaman raja. Berdasar sejarah house in the classic Indonesia era is a bahwa pada abad XVII Surabaya residence of the king. Based on the history, merupakan kerajaan yang menjadi lawan in the seventeenth century, Surabaya was tangguh dari kerajaan Mataram. Pada the kingdom which became powerful Pertempuran 10 Nopember 1945, SMPN 3 enemy of the kingdom of Mataram. In the & 4 dijadikan Markas Tentara Keamanan Battle of 10 November 1945, (7d) Rakyat (TKR) Pelajar, Markas Badan Government Junior High School 3 and 4 Keamanan Rakyat (BKR) Pelajar Rayon (7e) was used as the Headquarters of (7f) Praban, Tentara Pelajar Staf III dan tempat People’ s Security Army (TKR) Student, Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) Headquarters of (7g) People’s Security Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Wilayah Agency (BKR) Praban Area Student,

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


Timur. Dulunya pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini merupakan Markas Gaakkokutootai Dai Sun Chuttai yang pada akhirnya menjadi cikal bakal Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR) Pelajar.

Students’ Army Staff III, and the place of Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) Junior High School in the Eastern Region. Prior to that, during the Japanese occupation, this building was the Headquarters of Gaakkokutootai Dai Sun Chuttai which eventually became the forerunner of (7h) People’s Security Army (TKR) Student. (10b & e) Plaza Surabaya Monument Inscriptions ST TT KAWASAN DELTA PLAZA INI THIS COMPOUND WAS FORMERLY DULUNYA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM THE (10b) MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL OF ( C.B.Z )… SOURABAYA… KORBAN PERTEMPURAN 10 THE VICTIMS OF THE BATTLE OF NOVEMBER 1945 MEMENUHI NOVEMBER 10, 1945, FILLED EVERY SELURUH POJOK GEDUNG DAN SPOT IN THE BUILDINGS (10e) MELUBER SAMPAI DI HALAMAN OVERFLOWING INTO THE HOSPITAL RUMAH SAKIT… GROUNDS... (13d) PT. Pelni Monument Inscriptions ST TT … BERITA PROKLAMASI … THE NEWS ABOUT THE KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA INDONESIAN PROCLAMATION OF DITERIMA OLEH MARKONIS INDEPENDENCE WAS RECEIVED BY YACOB… (13d) THE MARCONIST YACOB…

Example 2 Logical Translation Error (Major Error) (2a &c) Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST TT DI JAMAN BELANDA GEDUNG INI (2a) THIS WAS AN EXCLUSIVE DIPAKAI KLAB ORANG KULIT DUTCH CLUB, FORBIDDEN FOR PUTIH. ORANG PRIBUMI DAN NATIVES AND DOGS… ANJING DILARANG MASUK… …THEIR MAIN HEADQUARTER IN …PUSAT PERLAWANAN PEMUDA THE FIGHTING AGAINST (2c) THE INDONESIA TERHADAP PASUKAN POWERFUL COMBINED ALLIED INGGRIS/SEKUTU YANG FORCES WHICH STARTLED THE MENCENGANGKAN DUNIA… WORLD BY ITS DURATION AND TENACITY… (6c) Darmo Hospital Monument Inscriptions ST TT …SEBUAH TRUK PEMUDA …THEY FIRED AT A PASSING TRUCK SULAWESI LEWAT PADA TANGGAL WITH (6c) YOUTH IN IT ON OCTOBER 27 OKTOBER 1945… 27, 1945… (8b) Pertahanan Kota Monument Inscriptions ST TT …AKHIRNYA GEDUNG TERBAKAR …(8b) WHICH WAS TOTALLY HABIS DIBUMIHANGUSKAN OLEH BURNED DOWN IN THE ACTION . PEMUDA INDONESIA.

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


(11a) GNI Monument Inscriptions ST TT SEMENJAK BERDIRINYA PADA (11a) A CENTRE OF THE NATIONAL ZAMAN BELANDA GEDUNG INI MOVEMENTS SINCE THE DUTCH MENJADI PUSAT PERGERAKAN COLONIAL TIME… NASIONAL… (12c & h) Mandiri Bank (Lindeteves Building) Monument Inscriptions ST TT …DIPAKAI OLEH KITAHAMA BUTAI …THE KITAHAMA BUTAI, USED IT JEPANG SEBAGAI BENGKEL UNTUK AS A WORKSHOP (12c) TO REPAIR SENJATA BERAT… CANNONS… …DENGAN PEROLEHAN BANYAK …(12h) THEREBY ACQUIRING MERIAM RINGAN , KENDARAAN CANNONS AND PANZERS. PANSER SERTA TANK .

Example 3 Interpersonal Translation Error (Major Error) (4b) Bumi Surabaya Hotel Monument Inscriptions ST TT …MARKAS TERUS BERPINDAH KE …WAS FIRSTLY LOCATED HERE JIMERTO 25, KALIASIN 80, THEN MOVED TO JIMERTO STREET KEMUDIAN DI PREGOLAN 2-4… 25, TO KALIASIN 80, AND (4b error in selecting preposition) IN PREGOLAN 24… (5b) Wira Surya Agung Monument Inscriptions ST TT KEMUDIAN PADA PERTEMPURAN 10 …(5b) HERE ALSO BEING FAR NOVEMBER 1945 TATKALA BETTER IN ARMAMENT, TACTICS BERUSAHA MENAHAN PASUKAN AND ORGANISATION , GENERAL JENDRAL MANSERGH… MANSERGH’S TROOPS INFLICTED… (10d) Plaza Surabaya Monument Inscriptions ST TT …KORBAN PERTEMPURAN 10 …THE VICTIMS OF THE BATTLE OF NOVEMBER 1945 MEMENUHI NOVEMBER 10, 1945, FILLED EVERY SELURUH POJOK GEDUNG DAN SPOT IN THE BUILDINGS (10d no MELUBER… conjunction) OVERFLOWING (11c) GNI Monument Inscriptions ST TT …RAPAT SAMODRA BERSEJARAH …MASS MEETING IN THE MENENTANG LARANGAN KENPEITAI TAMBAKSARI STADIUM DEFYING DI TAMBAKSARI 21 SEPTEMBER THE JAPANESE AUTHORITY (11c error 1945. preposition) IN SEPTEMBER 21, 1945… (12b) Mandiri Bank (Lindeteves Building) Monument Inscriptions ST TT …MILIK PERUSAHAAN DAGANG THE LINDETEVES, OWNED THIS BELANDA LINDETEVES . KEMUDIAN COMPOUND. (12b no sequence adverb) DIPAKAI OLEH KITAHAMA BUTAI… THE JAPANESE ARMY, THE KITAHAMA BUTAI, USED IT…

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


Example 4 Textual Translation Error (Major Error) (1a) Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST TT …Kalaupun ada rakyat pribumi yang …Even if there were natives who were disana, sebagaian besar dari mereka adalah there, most of them were state officials petinggi negara yang memiliki pengaruh who had influence and position, the rest dan jabatan, selebihnya hanya sebagai were only (1a) as servants… pelayan… (9a) RRI Radio Station Monument Inscriptions ST TT KARENA FUNGSINYA YANG (9a no important explanation) PENTING MAKA GEDUNG RADIO GENERAL MALLABY’S FORCES SURABAYA INI DIDUDUKI OLEH OCCUPIED THE SOURABAYA RADIO PASUKAN JENDRAL MALLABY… STATION… (10a) Plaza Surabaya Monument Inscriptions ST TT KAWASAN DELTA PLAZA INI (10a) THIS COMPOUND WAS DULUNYA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM FORMERLY THE MUNICIPAL ( C.B.Z )… HOSPITAL OF SOURABAYA…

Example 5 Punctuation Error (Minor Error) (1c) Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST …dijadikan sebagai markas besar PRI (Pemuda Republik Indonesia) (no comma) pusat organisasi pemuda…

TT …was used as the headquarters of the (1b) PRI (Youth of the Republic of Indonesia) (1c no comma) Center for Youth Organization… (2b & d) Balai Pemuda Monument Inscriptions ST TT …DARI BULAN SEPTEMBER— …FROM SEPTEMBER-NOVEMBER NOVEMBER 1945 (no comma) DI 1945 (2b. no comma) THE PRI JADIKAN MARKAS BESAR… (PEMUDA REPUBLIK INDONESIA) PASUKAN INGGRIS/SEKUTU YANG USED IT AS THEIR MAIN MENCENGANGKAN DUNIA (2d). HEADQUARTER… THE POWERFUL COMBINED ALLIED FORCES WHICH STARTLED THE WORLD BY ITS DURATION AND TENACITY (2d). (3a & c) Governor’s Office Monument Inscriptions ST TT DI GEDUNG INI PRESIDEN IN THIS BUILDING PRESIDENT SOEKARNO BERUNDING DENGAN SOEKARNO AND GENERAL JENDRAL HAWTHORN UNTUK HAWTHORN OF THE ALLIED FORCES MENDAMAIKAN PERTEMPURAN MET TO STOP THE CLASH OF OKTOBER 1945… OCTOBER 1945 (3a no period)… …TERJADILAH PERTEMPURAN 10 …ENSUING INTO THE BATTLE OF NOVEMBER 1945 (3c). NOVEMBER 10, 1945 (3c).

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


(4c, d, e) Bumi Surabaya Hotel Monument Inscriptions ST TT …KEMUDIAN DI PREGOLAN 2-4 (no …AND IN PREGOLAN 2-4 (4c no period)… period)… …LALU PINDAH KE …IT WAS MOVED AGAIN TO CARPENTIERSTRAAT 70 (JALAN CARPENTIERSTREET 70 (4d no SUROPATI) (no comma) AKHIRNYA comma) BEFORE LEAVING KELUAR KOTA MENJADI MARKAS SURABAYA AND BECAME THE PERTAHANAN SURABAYA (4e) . HEADQUARTER OF SURABAYA DEFENCE (4e) . (5a, c, d, e) Wira Surya Agung Monument Inscriptions ST TT PADA TANGGAL 28-30 OKTOBER 1945 IN THIS AREA (5a no comma) THE (no comma) DI SEKITAR INI… INDONESIAN PEOPLE BATTLED TERJADI PERTEMPURAN ANTARA GENERAL MALLABY’S FORCES… RAKYAT INDONESIA MELAWAN …HERE ALSO BEING FAR BETTER IN PASUKAN SEKUTU DI BAWAH ARMAMENT, TACTICS AND PIMPINAN MALLABY. KEMUDIAN ORGANISATION (5c) , GENERAL PADA PERTEMPURAN 10 NOVEMBER MANSERGH’S TROOPS… 1945 TATKALA BERUSAHA …IN THE SECOND BATTLE STARTED MENAHAN PASUKAN JENDRAL ON NOVEMBER 10 (5d), 1945 (5e) . MANSERGH BANYAK KORBAN PEJUANG YANG JATUH DISEBABKAN TEMBAKAN GURKHA DARI ATAS POHON. (6b) Darmo Hospital Monument Inscriptions ST TT …PASUKAN SEKUTU DATANG, …LIEUTNANT COLONEL RENDALL DIAMBILALIH OLEH LETNAN AND HIS TROOPS (6a) TOKE IT OVER KOLONEL RENDALL (6b) . (6b) . (8a & c) Pertahanan Kota Monument Inscriptions ST TT SERANGAN SEKUTU 10 NOVEMBER THE ALLIED ATTACK ON 1945 MENGGERAKKAN KEKUATAN NOVEMBER 10 (8a), 1945 WAS A MILITERNYA SECARA TOTAL… COMBINED ACTION IN FULL AKHIRNYA GEDUNG TERBAKAR BATTLE ORDER... HABIS DIBUMIHANGUSKAN OLEH (8b) WHICH WAS TOTALLY PEMUDA INDONESIA (8c) . BURNED DOWN IN THE ACTION (8c) . (9b, c, d) RRI Radio Station Monument Inscriptions ST TT …PADA PERTEMPURAN 28-30 …IN THE CLASH OF OCTOBER 28-30, OKTOBER 1945… 1945 (9b), AFTER BEING …TIDAK SEORANGPUN PASUKAN SURROUNDED (9c), THE BUILDING INGGRIS DI SINI LOLOS DARI WAS TOTALLY BURNED DOWN… KEMARAHAN RAKYAT (9d). …NONE OF MALLABY’S FORCES WAS KEPT ALIVE (9d) .

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AMELIA PURWANDINI


(10c, f, g) Plaza Surabaya Monument Inscriptions ST TT …DULUNYA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM ...FORMERLY THE MUNICIPAL ( C.B.Z ) (10c). HOSPITAL OF SOURABAYA (10c) . …MELUBER SAMPAI DI HALAMAN …OVERFLOWING INTO THE RUMAH SAKIT (10f)... HOSPITAL GROUNDS (10f) … …KERETAAPI DARI SETASIUN …THE LAST TRAIN WITH THE GUBENG MENUJU MALANG (10g) . WOUNDED LEFT GUBENG STATION ON NOVEMBER 14, 1945 FOR MALANG (10g) . (11b & d) GNI Monument Inscriptions ST TT …PADA 25-27 AGUSTUS 1945 KOMITE …THE FORMATION OF THE KNI AND NASIONAL INDONESIA DAN BKR THE BKR DURING AUGUST 25-27, DIBENTUK DI GEDUNG INI... 1945 HAPPENED HERE (11b no full …DIGUNAKAN MEMPERSIAPKAN stop) RAPAT SAMODRA BERSEJARAH …IN SEPTEMBER 21, 1945(11d), WAS MENENTANG LARANGAN KENPEITAI ALSO MADE HERE. DI TAMBAKSARI 21 SEPTEMBER 1945. (12a, d, e, f, g) Mandiri Bank (Lindeteves Building) Monument Inscriptions ST TT GEDUNG INI DULU MILIK A DUTCH ENTERPRISE (12a) , THE PERUSAHAAN DAGANG BELANDA LINDETEVES, OWNED THIS (no comma) LINDETEVES... COMPOUND… …UNTUK SENJATA BERAT DAN …AS A WORKSHOP TO REPAIR KENDARAAN PERANG (12d) … CANNONS AND ARMORED CARS PADA 1 OKTOBER 1945 (no comma) (12d) . BENGKEL INI DIREBUT OLEH ON OCTOBER 1 (12e), 1945 (12f), THE PEMUDA INDONESIA (12g). INDONESIANS TOOK IT OVER (12g) . (13a, b, c, f) PT. Pelni Monument Inscriptions ST TT SELAMA PENDUDUKAN JEPANG THE JAPANESE USED THIS AS THEIR GEDUNG INI DIJADIKAN KANTOR NEWS AGENCY (13a), DOMEI (13b)… BERITA DOMEI (13b)… …ON FRIDAY AUGUST 17 (13c) , 1945 …PADA HARI JUMAT TANGGAL 17 AT 11.15… AGUSTUS 1945 JAM 11.15… …THOUGH THE JAPANESE TRIED TO …MESKIPUN DISENSOR OLEH SENSOR IT (13f no comma) THE NEWS JEPANG (no comma) BERITA ITU BROKE QUIKLY INTO THE WHOLE DENGAN CEPAT MENYEBAR KE OF EAST JAVA. SELURUH JAWA TIMUR.

Example 6 Spelling Error (Minor Error) (13e & g) PT. Pelni Monument Inscriptions ST …MESKIPUN (13e) DISENSOR OLEH JEPANG BERITA ITU DENGAN (13g) CEPAT MENYEBAR KE SELURUH JAWA TIMUR.

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TT THOUGH THE JAPANESE TRIED TO (13e) SENSOR IT THE NEWS BROKE (13g) QUIKLY INTO THE WHOLE OF EAST JAVA.


AMELIA PURWANDINI

APPENDICES. Appendix 1: Monument Inscriptions in Surabaya

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